CVE-2025-12028

CVSS 8.8 High
  • CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
  • Published: 2025-10-24T09:15:44.367
  • Last modified: 1761571215

The IndieAuth plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 4.5.4. This is due to missing nonce verification on the `login_form_indieauth()` function and the authorization endpoint at wp-login.php?action=indieauth. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to force authenticated users to approve OAuth authorization requests for attacker-controlled applications via a forged request granted they can trick a user into performing an action such as clicking on a link or visiting a malicious page while logged in. The attacker can then exchange the stolen authorization code for an access token, effectively taking over the victim’s account with the granted scopes (create, update, delete).

Related CVE by CWE

No related CWE found.

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How to fix CVE-2025-12028

CVE-2025-12028 is a high severity vulnerability affecting the affected product.

Description: The IndieAuth plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 4.5.4. This is due to missing nonce verification on the `login_form_indieauth()` function and the authorization endpoint at wp-login.php?action=indieauth. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to force authenticated users to approve OAuth authorization requests for attacker-controlled applications […]

Affected Versions:
Vulnerable: ≤ 4.5.4
Safe: ≥ 4.5.5

Exploit Difficulty: MEDIUM
⏱️ Time to exploit: 1-4 hours
🛠️ Required skills: Intermediate security knowledge
💰 Public exploits: May be available

How to Fix:

1 Identify affected systems

- Check if you're running the affected product
- Verify version (vulnerable: ≤ 4.5.4)

2 Immediate actions

- Update to ≥ 4.5.5 or later
- If patching is not immediately possible: restrict network exposure, apply least-privilege access

3 Verification

- Test the fix in a staging environment first
- Review logs for signs of exploitation
- Monitor for IOCs (Indicators of Compromise)

4 Long-term prevention

- Enable automatic security updates
- Set up vulnerability monitoring
- Review and harden security configurations

Exploit Difficulty Assessment

MEDIUM
⏱️ Time to Exploit: 1-4 hours
🛠️ Skills Required: Intermediate security knowledge
💰 Public Exploits: May be available

Affected Versions

Vulnerable: ≤ 4.5.4
Safe: ≥ 4.5.5

Vulnerability Timeline

Oct 24, 2025
Vulnerability Published

CVE details first published to NVD database

Jan 01, 1970
Last Modified

CVE details were updated

Oct 28, 2025
Imported to Database

Added to this CVE tracking system

Detection Rules & IOCs

No specific detection rules generated for this vulnerability type.

No vendor/product data available.